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Theories and Methods of Science of Science

Great Power Key Core Technological Competition from the Per⁃ spective of National Security: Structure, Model and Strategy 

Chen Guang

(School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

Abstract: The world is rapidly reconstructing itself into a system where technology, industry, and rules are increasingly separated, with the logic of security increasingly taking precedence  over efficiency and economic globalization. National security is closely tied to world peace and  development in the 21st century, as well as the smooth progress of China's modernization. Faced  with the increasingly complex international technological competition, it is essential to define  and understand the connotation and structure of key core technologies from the perspective of na⁃ tional security. We must clarify the relationship between key core technologies and national se⁃ curity theoretically, give full play to the advantages of the new national system, and work to re⁃ verse the current situation where key core technologies are held by foreign entities within a fore⁃ seeable time. Furthermore, we need to form a combination strategy of competition and coopera⁃ tion to navigate this new landscape effectively. This topic holds significant theoretical, policy,and practical importance. Based on the literature on technological nationalism, national security  theory, and the analysis of key technology areas that are highly focused on shaping the future  economic and security landscape in the Sino-US scientific and technological competition, this  paper defines the main connotation, technical structure, and judgment model of key core tech⁃ nologies at the national level. Using case analysis, theoretical modeling, and other methods, this  paper analyzes the current situation, problems, and development strategies of China in the key  competitive technology areas between China and the United States. The main conclusions of the  paper include: ①Types and structure of key core technologies. Key core technologies refer to the  elements and links that play a key or core role in technology and production systems, including  the interconnected and inherent "bottleneck technologies", "accelerator technologies", "protec⁃ tion belt technologies", and "security technologies". Key core technologies are considered to be  the core variables affecting national security. ②The "three-stage theory of national technologi⁃ cal competition and cooperation", proposed based on "technology application diffusion mecha⁃ nism" and "national institutional constraint mechanism". The "technology application diffusion  mechanism" is mainly driven by technology diffusion and market mechanisms, while the "na⁃ tional institutional constraint mechanism" is shaped by the national political system, ideology, and national security goals. The type of technological competition and cooperation relationship  between relevant countries depends on the technological gap and the development stages of the  respective countries. ③ Based on the current situation where the "national institutional con⁃ straint mechanism" plays a prominent role, formulate and implement the "national security strat⁃ egy of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement" for 2035 and 2050. Ad⁃ ditionally, formulate and implement the "basic science research plan" and the "10-year key  core technology research action". ④Improve the new national system for the development of ma⁃ jor scientific and technological innovation breakthroughs, and formulate different competitioncooperation combination strategies according to the different security sensitivity of technology  and economic growth. ⑤Develop and modify differentiated and refined technology and industrial  policies in sectors such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, quantum computing, biotech⁃ nology, and clean energy. 

Key words: key core technologies; technological nationalism; national security theory; secu⁃ rity competition; combination strategy