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Study and Implement the Spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Communist Party of China(CPC) Central Committee

Research on the Mechanism Innovation and Practical Path of Uni⁃ versity Technology Achievement Transformation —From the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem Theory 

Yang Miao, Xin Yue 

(Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China)

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the innovation-driven development strategy, the effi⁃ ciency of university technology transfer has become a key indicator for measuring the effective⁃ ness of the national innovation system. From the theoretical perspective of the innovation ecosys⁃ tem, this paper focuses on the practical challenges hindering technology transfer in Chinese uni⁃versities, including institutional and mechanism barriers, failures in stakeholder collaboration, and a weak support system. It constructs an analytical framework for the innovation ecosystem of  university technology transfer at the "Actor-Resource-Institution" level. By comparing interna⁃ tional experiences such as the U.S. Bayh-Dole Act, Germany's Fraunhofer Society, and Japan's  TLO model, the paper proposes a practical pathway for university technology transfer character⁃ ized by "Institutional restructuring—Platform empowerment—Ecological optimization". Specifi⁃ cally, at the institutional level, it suggests promoting the mixed ownership reform of servicerelated scientific and technological achievements featuring "rights assignment prior to commer⁃ cialization", and establishing a dynamic income distribution mechanism for technology transfer. At the platform level, it advocates building a three-tier incubation system of "Proof of concept— Pilot development—Industrial acceleration", creating on-campus proof-of-concept centers, re⁃ gional pilot test bases, and industrial innovation consortia. At the ecological level, it recom⁃ mends introducing Technology Readiness Level (TRL) assessment indicators, developing intel⁃ lectual property securitization, and improving the certification system for technology transfer pro⁃ fessionals and risk compensation mechanisms. This pathway can systematically address the chal⁃ lenges in university technology transfer, providing a theoretical paradigm and practical solutions  for enhancing its efficiency in the era of the digital economy. The findings reveal that: ①Univer⁃ sity technology transfer urgently requires a shift from a "linear model" to an "ecological model". The "ecological model" of university technology transfer, constructed based on innovation eco⁃ system theory, can effectively overcome the limitations of the traditional linear model, such as its  narrow analytical focus and fragmented conclusions. It conceptualizes university technology  transfer activities as an innovation ecosystem involving multi-actor interactions, multi-level in⁃ terdependencies, and multi-stage evolution, encompassing information exchange and interest co⁃ ordination among universities, enterprises, research institutions, government, financial intermedi⁃ aries, and technology intermediaries. ②Institutional innovation has a significant positive mar⁃ ginal effect on the efficiency of university technology transfer. Institutional improvement is a cru⁃ cial guarantee for university technology transfer. Measures such as clearly defining the owner⁃ ship of scientific research achievements, granting university researchers rights to benefits from  technology transfer, improving intellectual property management systems, establishing dedicated  technology transfer offices and professional teams, and setting up special funds for university  technology transfer can effectively enhance its efficiency. Finally, based on the above conclu⁃ sions, targeted development recommendations are proposed in three aspects: firstly, to formulate  a unified "University Technology Transfer Promotion Law"; secondly, to establish a professional  certification system for technology transfer talent; and thirdly, to further improve a diversified  risk compensation mechanism for science and technology transfer.

Key words: university technology achievement transformation; innovation ecosystem; institu⁃ tional restructuring; platform empowerment; ecological optimization; artificial intelligence; digi⁃ tal economy; intellectual property right